Comparison of target and non-target approach in breath analysis for discrimination of lung cancer from other pulmonary disease and healthy persons
Comparison of target and non-target approach in breath analysis for discrimination of lung cancer from other pulmonary disease and healthy persons
Michalis Koureas 1, Dimitrios Kalompatsios 1 and Andreas Tsakalof 1,2
1 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly,
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Abstract:
The comparison of target and non-target breath VOCs analysis approaches in the discrimination of lung cancer (Ca+) patients from patients with other respiratory diseases (Ca-) and healthy people (HC) was the main objective of this study. The target SPME-GC-MS analysis was based on 19 VOCs previously referred in literature as cancer biomarkers. However, breath concentrations of only 5 compounds from this set were found to be significantly different between LC patients and healthy controls (2-propanol, 1-propanol, toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene with p-values < 0.001–0.006) and not a single compound from 19 targeted VOCs differentiated significantly between LC and other respiratory diseases. The same 5 compounds successfully differentiated Ca- from HC and from (Ca+ and Ca-) from HC. The observed differentiation in breath concentrations of exogeneous monoaromatic compounds was attributed to the alterations in respiratory system function in Ca+ and Ca- patients, while that of mixed origin 1 and 2 propanols to the induction of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme observed in many cancers. The non-target analysis was based on raw data acquired in the previous approach and processed by XCMS Online bioinformatic software with statistical thresholds for features extraction p < 0,01- and 2-fold change. By this approach 30 compounds were detected as markers and identified by MS spectrum, predicted retention time and the presence of several in breath was justified by investigation of biochemical pathways. It’s interesting that the monoaromatic compounds toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene were identified by non-target approach contrast to 1 and 2 propanols that were not identified.
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